The construction of the Lighthouse of Alexandria holds a fascinating history. It began in the 3rd century BC under the reign of Ptolemy I Soter, who ordered its construction after taking control of Egypt following Alexander the Great’s departure. The building of the lighthouse was completed during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the son and successor of Ptolemy I.
The construction process took a total of 12 years and required approximately 800 talents of silver. Standing at a height of 300 feet, it was an impressive feat of engineering. At the time, only the pyramids of Giza surpassed its height. Unfortunately, due to a powerful earthquake in 1323 AD, the lighthouse collapsed, leaving much of its construction details to speculation.
Built using large blocks of light-colored stone, the lighthouse consisted of three tiers with tapering shapes. The lower section was square with a central core, followed by an octagonal middle section, and a circular section at the top.
The architect credited with the construction of the Lighthouse of Alexandria is Sostratus of Cnidus. Sostratus was a prominent figure with connections to King Ptolemy I and his son, holding a significant position of influence.
Despite enduring numerous Egyptian political changes and conflicts, including the devastation of the Library of Alexandria, the lighthouse stood for nearly 1,500 years. However, it faced partial damage in 796 and 951 due to earthquakes, but managed to remain standing. It was the subsequent earthquakes in 1303 and 1323 that ultimately led to its collapse. The most destructive earthquake, which originated from the Greek Island of Crete in 1303, played a significant role in its downfall. The remaining remnants of the lighthouse vanished in 1480 when Qaitbay, the Sultan of Egypt, ordered the construction of a medieval fort on the platform where the lighthouse once stood.
