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Catacombs

Catacombs

  • Deep beneath Alexandria lies a hidden marvel: the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, a labyrinth carved from rock that whispers secrets of ancient times. The name "catacomb" combines "cata" meaning "carving" and "kom" meaning "rock," reflecting its intricate design.
  • Before its discovery, the area was known as "Kamesh," or "Mound of Broken Pottery," due to the shards scattered around. This pottery-breaking tradition was believed to ward off evil spirits after visits to the tombs.
  • The catacombs, dating back to the 2nd century AD, were a popular burial site. Their discovery in 1900 was a twist of fate—a donkey pulling a cart fell into a hidden chamber, revealing this ancient world.
  • Visitors descend a spiral staircase, Roman-style, leading to the Rotunda, a circular chamber with six pillars. German archaeologists in 1900 found statues here, with some now in the Greek-Roman Museum. Though the museum is closed for restoration, the National Museum of Alexandria offers a glimpse into this period.
  • Exploring further, a passage connects different levels of the catacombs, adorned with alabaster traces and semi-circular niches. The Triclinium Room, once used for gatherings to honor the deceased, tells of feasts celebrating their lives.
  • The catacombs' art is a unique blend of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman styles. The funerary chamber’s facade features Egyptian columns with papyrus and lotus designs, topped with a winged solar disc and falcons representing the god Horus. Inside, walls depict mummified Osiris on a lion-shaped bed, canopic jars, and gods like Horus and Thoth.
  • One carving shows a woman in Greek attire with Roman facial features, symbolizing cultural fusion during the Ptolemaic period. Another notable carving is the serpent Agathodaemon, symbolizing the good spirit, holding symbols of Hermes and Dionysus while wearing the double crown of Egypt.
  • The main burial chamber, supported by four square columns, houses principal sarcophagi and features intricate carvings of Medusa, Abyss, and Isis. Surrounding this chamber are hundreds of niches, believed to be for followers of the goddess Nemesis.
  • The Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, with their vast chambers and rich decorations, offer a captivating glimpse into Alexandria's past, blending art, culture, and history in a fascinating journey beneath the city.

Sights

Map

National Museum of Egyptian Civilization Previous Civilization Museum

Tour details

  • Location Anfoushi, Alexandria, Egypt
  • Hours Open daily from 9:00am to 5:00pm
  • Admission Adults 150EGP, students 75EGP

Historical Background

The Catacombs of Alexandria were built during the Hellenistic and Roman periods as a burial site for the citizens of Alexandria. They served as underground tombs for wealthy families and individuals, incorporating elements of both Egyptian and Greco-Roman traditions.

Architecture and Design

The catacombs feature a series of underground chambers, passages, and tombs cut into the rock beneath the city of Alexandria. The architecture reflects a fusion of Egyptian burial practices, such as shaft graves and sarcophagi, with Greek and Roman influences, including architectural motifs and decorative elements.

Unique Features

One of the most remarkable features of the Catacombs of Alexandria is the blend of cultural influences evident in its design and decoration. Visitors can explore intricately carved reliefs, statues, and inscriptions that depict mythological scenes, deities, and everyday life in ancient Alexandria.

Discovery and Excavation

The Catacombs of Alexandria were rediscovered by accident in the early 20th century when a donkey fell into a pit leading to the underground chambers. Since then, archaeological excavations have uncovered a vast network of tombs and passageways, offering valuable insights into ancient funerary practices.

Visitor Information

Today, the Catacombs of Alexandria are open to visitors, allowing them to explore the underground labyrinth and learn about its historical significance. Guided tours are available, providing visitors with a deeper understanding of the site’s history and archaeology.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Catacombs of Alexandria stand as a testament to the multicultural heritage of the ancient city and offer a fascinating glimpse into its rich history and civilization.

FAQs about the Catacombs of Alexandria

  1. What are the opening hours of the Catacombs of Alexandria? The opening hours of the Catacombs vary, but they are generally open to visitors during daylight hours. It’s advisable to check the official website or contact the site directly for the most up-to-date information.

  2. How much time should I allocate for a visit to the Catacombs? A typical visit to the Catacombs of Alexandria can take anywhere from 1 to 2 hours, depending on the depth of exploration and interest in the site’s history.

  3. Are guided tours available, and do they require prior booking? Yes, guided tours of the Catacombs are available, and while they may not always require prior booking, it’s recommended to reserve a spot in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.

  4. Is photography allowed inside the Catacombs? Yes, photography is generally allowed inside the Catacombs of Alexandria, but visitors should always check with staff or signage for any restrictions or guidelines.

  5. Are there any special exhibitions or events happening at the Catacombs of Alexandria? Special exhibitions or events may occasionally take place at the Catacombs, so visitors are encouraged to inquire about any upcoming events or temporary exhibitions during their visit.

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Catacombs

Historical Background

The Catacombs of Alexandria were built during the Hellenistic and Roman periods as a burial site for the citizens of Alexandria. They served as underground tombs for wealthy families and individuals, incorporating elements of both Egyptian and Greco-Roman traditions.

Architecture and Design

The catacombs feature a series of underground chambers, passages, and tombs cut into the rock beneath the city of Alexandria. The architecture reflects a fusion of Egyptian burial practices, such as shaft graves and sarcophagi, with Greek and Roman influences, including architectural motifs and decorative elements.

Unique Features

One of the most remarkable features of the Catacombs of Alexandria is the blend of cultural influences evident in its design and decoration. Visitors can explore intricately carved reliefs, statues, and inscriptions that depict mythological scenes, deities, and everyday life in ancient Alexandria.

Discovery and Excavation

The Catacombs of Alexandria were rediscovered by accident in the early 20th century when a donkey fell into a pit leading to the underground chambers. Since then, archaeological excavations have uncovered a vast network of tombs and passageways, offering valuable insights into ancient funerary practices.

Visitor Information

Today, the Catacombs of Alexandria are open to visitors, allowing them to explore the underground labyrinth and learn about its historical significance. Guided tours are available, providing visitors with a deeper understanding of the site’s history and archaeology.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Catacombs of Alexandria stand as a testament to the multicultural heritage of the ancient city and offer a fascinating glimpse into its rich history and civilization.

FAQs about the Catacombs of Alexandria

  1. What are the opening hours of the Catacombs of Alexandria? The opening hours of the Catacombs vary, but they are generally open to visitors during daylight hours. It’s advisable to check the official website or contact the site directly for the most up-to-date information.

  2. How much time should I allocate for a visit to the Catacombs? A typical visit to the Catacombs of Alexandria can take anywhere from 1 to 2 hours, depending on the depth of exploration and interest in the site’s history.

  3. Are guided tours available, and do they require prior booking? Yes, guided tours of the Catacombs are available, and while they may not always require prior booking, it’s recommended to reserve a spot in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons.

  4. Is photography allowed inside the Catacombs? Yes, photography is generally allowed inside the Catacombs of Alexandria, but visitors should always check with staff or signage for any restrictions or guidelines.

  5. Are there any special exhibitions or events happening at the Catacombs of Alexandria? Special exhibitions or events may occasionally take place at the Catacombs, so visitors are encouraged to inquire about any upcoming events or temporary exhibitions during their visit.

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